1871

Over a period of time, there was a kulturkampf in Germany, a political conflict that put the Roman Catholic Church under state control or a series of rules that had anti-Catholic nuances (tirto.id, 2019). It strongly restricted the ministry and development of the consecrated life at that time, including FCJM, despite the fact that the people really needed the services of the sisters. The Kulturkampf greatly affected the FCJM Congregation, but also provided a great start to the international Congregation by expanding its presence to various countries such as in France, the Netherlands, and United States of America.